SUNY Geneseo Department of Mathematics

Divergence and Curl, and More

Monday, April 30

Math 223 04
Spring 2018
Prof. Doug Baldwin

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Previous Lecture

Misc

Sample Final

Available in “SampleFinal.pdf” file online, and through the “Review” module at the end of the course modules page.

Review Session

Study day (Wednesday May 2), 11:30 - 12:30, in our regular classroom.

Final Exam

Tuesday, May 8, 12:00 noon to 3:20 PM, in our regular classroom.

Comprehensive, but with an emphasis on material since the 2nd hour exam (e.g., directional derivatives, gradients, Lagrange multipliers, multiple integrals & their applications, line integrals, vector fields, etc.)

Designed to be 2 to 2 1/2 times as long as the hour exams, but you have 4 times as much time.

Rules and format otherwise similar to hour exams, particularly including the open-references rule.

I’ll bring donuts and cider.

SOFIs

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Post Assessment

Questions?

Source Free Vector Fields

The vector field we looked at Wednesday, F(x,y) =〈 -y, x 〉had 0 flux around a closed curve. Is it source free?

Since F’s domain is the entire real plane, that domain is open and simply connected; therefore F is source free if it satisfies a component test:

A source free field has P_x + Q_y = 0, as does this example

In this case both of the relevant partial derivatives are 0, so the component test is satisfied.

Source free fields have “stream functions” that play a similar role to potential functions in conservative fields, and can be found in a similar way (i.e., by realizing that the components of F are derivatives of the stream function and integrating -- see the textbook for details).

Key Points

Source free vector fields as the equivalent for flux integrals of conservative fields for circulation.

Divergence and Curl

Section 6.5.

Example

Consider the vector field F(x,y,z) =〈 xy, yz, x2z 〉 = 〈 P, Q, R 〉

Find the divergence of F by simply plugging components into the formula:

Calculate divergence by adding partial derivatives of the field

Note that the “∇” notation for divergence and curl is mnemonic of the formulas for computing them:

Remember divergence and curl as dot and cross product of

This is metaphorical rather than actual math, you can’t really “multiply” by differentiation operators, but the mnemonic works very well.

Applications

Notice that you’ve seen pieces of these operations before. In particular, a 2-dimensional divergence appears in the Green’s theorem double integral for flux, and the 3rd component of curl appears in the Green’s theorem double integral for circulation.

This isn’t coincidental, divergence does capture flux in the sense of whether a field diverges away from or converges towards a point, and curl captures circulation in the sense of a field’s tendency to represent a rotational force.

Both operators appear frequently in scientific fields that deal with vector fields, e.g., electro-magnetism, and so are worth knowing at least a little bit about.

Key Points

Existence of divergence and curl, what they represent, and how to calculate them.

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