SUNY Geneseo Department of Mathematics

Divisibility and Direct Proof

Monday, February 18

Math 239 01
Spring 2019
Prof. Doug Baldwin

Return to Course Outline

Previous Lecture

Misc

The first hour exam is Friday, Feb. 22.

There is a sample exam (the first exam from last time I taught this course) available on Canvas.

Our exam will cover material from the beginning of the semester through problem set 3 (e.g., mathematical statements, direct proofs, propositional logic, sets, predicates).

Expect 3 to 5 short-answer questions, similar (in my mind at least) to problem set questions.

You’ll have the whole class period to do the test.

Open references (book, notes, online references), but closed person.

Questions?

Proofs about Divisibility and Congruence

Section 3.1.

Congruence (and Divisibility)

Conjecture: If n is an odd integer, then n ≡ 1 (mod 2).

Examples

Try out some examples to be sure you understand what this means in the first place, and to see if it seems plausible.

Definition of congruence to 1 modulo 2: 2 | (1-n) i.e., 2 divides into 1 - n.

Does this work for n = 1? 1 - n = 1 - 1 = 0. Does 2 | 0, i.e., is 0/2 an integer, i.e., is 0 = 2k for some integer k? Yes, k =0.

Does this work for n = 3? Is 1 - 3 divisible by 2, i.e., = 2k for integer k? 1 - 3 = -2, so k = -1.

How about n = 6, i.e., does 2 divide 1 - 6, i.e., does 2 divide -5? No because while -5 = 2 × (-2.5), there’s no integer k such that -5 = 2k.

Proof

Can you prove it?

We wrote the proof out in LaTeX, adjusting the wording to fit an audience new to notions of divisibility and congruence as we went. Here is the LaTeX source file, and here is the resulting PDF.

Key Points

The importance of exploring examples (and non-examples) of a new claim or idea to become comfortable with what it means, the definitions it relies on, etc.

Divisibility and congruence.

Review of direct proofs and formal proof writing.

Next

Proof via the contrapositive.

In section 3.2, read...

Next Lecture