SUNY Geneseo Department of Mathematics

Green’s Theorem, Part 2

Thursday, April 26

Math 223 04
Spring 2018
Prof. Doug Baldwin

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Previous Lecture

Misc

Final Exam

Tuesday, May 8, 12:00 noon to 3:20 PM, in our regular classroom.

Comprehensive, but with an emphasis on material since the 2nd hour exam (e.g., directional derivatives, gradients, Lagrange multipliers, multiple integrals & their applications, line integrals, vector fields, etc.)

Designed to be 2 to 2 1/2 times as long as the hour exams, but you have 4 times as much time.

Rules and format otherwise similar to hour exams, particularly including the open-references rule.

I’ll provide a sample from a past semester.

I’ll bring donuts and cider.

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Green’s Theorem

Flux Form

Check that Green’s theorem and the standard line integral for flux give the same answer for the flux of F(x,y) = 〈 -y, x 〉around the semicircle of radius 1 above the origin.

Semicircle of radius 1 with circulating vectors

To find the flux value via Green’s theorem, evaluate the double integral in the flux form over the semicircle:

Double integral of P_x + Q_y over semicircle is 0

To find the flux via a line integral, we need parametric forms for the curve and bottom of the semicircle, and the corresponding “n” functions.

Semicircle with r_1(t) = ( cos(t), sin(t) ), r_2(t) = (0,t); n_1(t) = ( cos(t), sin(t) ), n_2(t) = (0,-1)

Now we can evaluate the line integrals over each part of the semicircle to get the flux:

Sum of integrals of F dot n along 2 paths is 0

An Equivalence

Consider

Integral over region D of Qx minus Py

This can be read as either a circulation line integral or a flux line integral, thus demonstrating an equivalence between those line integrals. What are the line integrals?

The “obvious” origin of this double integral is from the circulation form of Green’s theorem, i.e., it corresponds to a circulation line integral for F(x,y) = 〈 P(x,y), Q(x,y) 〉. But it could also come from the flux form of Green’s theorem, for a field whose x component was Q and whose y component was -P, i.e., G(x,y)= 〈 Q(x,y), -P(x,y) 〉.

Since these two line integrals both equal the same double integral, there’s an equivalence between the circulation of one field and the flux of the other, i.e., the circulation of field〈 P(x,y), Q(x,y) 〉 around any path equals the flux of field 〈 Q(x,y), -P(x,y) 〉across that same path.

Next

Calculating area via Green’s theorem.

Source-free fields and stream functions.

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