SUNY Geneseo Department of Mathematics

Introduction to Green’s Theorem

Wednesday, April 25

Math 223 04
Spring 2018
Prof. Doug Baldwin

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Previous Lecture

Misc

Final Exam

Tuesday, May 8, 12:00 noon to 3:20 PM, in our regular classroom.

Comprehensive, but with an emphasis on material since the 2nd hour exam (e.g., directional derivatives, gradients, Lagrange multipliers, multiple integrals & their applications, line integrals, vector fields, etc.)

Designed to be 2 to 2 1/2 times as long as the hour exams, but you have 4 times as much time.

Rules and format otherwise similar to hour exams, particularly including the open-references rule.

I’ll provide a sample from a past semester.

I’ll bring donuts and cider.

SOFIs

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Questions?

Why does Green’s theorem require integrating around a counterclockwise curve? Basically it’s a convention to respect the fact that the orientation of the curve determines the sign of the line integral, whereas the region over which Green says you can evaluate a multiple integral has no notion of two directions for its boundary.

Shaded area with counterclockwise arrows along boundary

Green’s Theorem

Section 6.4.

Sanity Check

Check that Green’s theorem and the standard line integrals for circulation and flux give the same answers for the circulation and flux of F(x,y) = 〈 -y, x 〉around the semicircle of radius 1 above the origin.

Semicircle in upper half of coordinate plane and vector field

We decided to start by calculating the multiple integral for circulation from Green’s theorem. This needs the derivatives of the components of F. Also notice that since those derivatives are constants, the double integral turns out to be just the area of the semicircle, and so can be calculated geometrically without explicitly evaluating a pair of integrals.

Double integral of Q_x - P_y is the area of the semicircle or pi

...but if you do want to evaluate the integrals explicitly you can. Doing it in polar coordinates will probably be easier than rectangular.

Integral over semicircle with x ranging from -1 to 1 and y from 0 to sqrt(1-x^2)

Checking that this double integral produced the same value as the circulation line integral is a logical next step. To do this, we need parametric forms for the curve. Note that the curve has 2 parts, so we need parametric forms for both:

Top of semicircle parameterized by (cos(t), sin(t)) for t between 0 and pi; bottom by (t,0) for t between -1 and 1

Evaluate the circulation line integral over both paths and add the results to get total circulation:

Integral along upper curve of semicircle plus integral along bottom edge

Do this by expanding the F(r(t)) and r’(t) terms:

Integral across top of semicircle evaluates to pi while integral along bottom evaluates to 0

Key Points

Working with Green’s theorem.

Green’s theorem as an easier way to evaluate line integrals.

Next

Continue with Green’s theorem, in particular the flux form, looking at equivalences between line integrals in light of it, and applying it to find areas.

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