SUNY Geneseo Department of Mathematics
Wednesday, November 20
Math 221 06
Fall 2019
Prof. Doug Baldwin
The Mathematical Gardeners Club of Geneseo has laid out a flower bed bordered by the x axis and the curves y = (x+1)2 and y = (x-1)2. The area of the flower bed is the sum of 2 integrals, one for the left side and one for the right. Initially call the left and right bounds a and b, then figure them out later.
Now multiply out the (x+1)2 and (x-1)2 and integrate. Both integrals proceed almost identically:
Section 5.5, especially re substitution and indefinite integrals (aka antiderivatives).
Procedure: How to use substitution to integrate g(x) dx, at least for the kinds of example we’ve seen so far. A more general version will come soon.
Theory: Substitution is the antiderivative rule corresponding to the chain rule for derivatives.
Based on Example 5.30.
Find the antiderivatives of 8x3(2x4-1)3.
Picking u = 2x4-1, what looks like an inner function, works well, because everything outside of (2x4-1)3 then turns out to be the derivative of u.
Once you write the integral in terms of u, the rest is just the power rule:
Use substitution to find an antiderivative of (x+1)2.
You can do this with a substitution in which du is just dx (sometimes this happens):
Compare to the antiderivative from multiplying out (x+1)2 and then integrating.
At first glance they look different. But the difference is all in the constants of integration, and since either of them can represent any constant, there really isn’t a difference after all.
Practice with more sophisticated substitutions.