SUNY Geneseo Department of Mathematics

Derivatives as Functions

Wednesday, September 20

Math 221 05
Fall 2017
Prof. Doug Baldwin

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Misc

Handout for problem set 3

Questions?

Derivatives as Functions

Section 3.2

Rule. Prove that if f(x) = c for any constant c, then f′(x) = 0.

Reading ideas: use the definition of the derivative as a function.

lim as h approaches 0 of (c-c)/h = 0.

Take-Away. There are rules for finding derivatives, with proofs from the definition.

Example. Find f′(x) if f(x) = x/2 - 3.

lim as h approaches 0 ((x+h)/2 -3) - (x/2-3))/h = 1/2

Example. Find dy/dx if y = (x+1)2.

lim as h approaches 0 of ((x+h+1)^2 - (x+1)^2)/h = 2x+2

Reading ideas: There are several notations for derivatives, including dy/dx, f′, etc.

Take-Aways. The main idea in this section is the limit definition of the derivative as a function; these examples help you practice what that definition means.

These examples also demonstrate several notations for derivatives.

Intuitive Derivatives. The banging outside our classroom sounds like a digger breaking up pavement by raising its bucket and then dropping it on the pavement over and over. Imagining that happening, what can you say about the derivative of the bucket’s height?

Sign of derivative reflects direction of motion

Observation: the derivative we’re looking for here is the speed or velocity of the bucket, i.e., velocity is the rate of change (derivative) of position.

Another observation: cyclic functions tend to have cyclic derivatives. We’ll see more of this when we look at derivatives of trigonometric functions.

Take-Aways. The value of a derivative corresponds to changes in the function, notably negative derivatives occur where the function is decreasing and positive where it is increasing.

Next

Rules for finding derivatives.

Read section 3.3

Please bring muPad to class.

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