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The Premonstratensian Order was brought to Bohemia and Moravia by bishop Henry Zdík of Olomouc (1126-1150). He founded the Strahov monastery in Prague about 1142, to which end he asked an abbot and convent from the Steinfeld monastery in the Eifel. He then long supported the introduction of Norbertines in the Zeliv monastery near the Bohemian-Moravian border, a monastery that was originally founded for Benedictine monks. Bishop Daniel of Prague (1148-1167) had applied to Steinfeld for a monastery in the year 1148. The 33-year-old canon Gottschalk from Cologne, whose long-lived chaplain Gerlach, the future abbot of Milevsko, left an eloquent memorial for him in the so-called Continuatio Gerlaci, was destined to be the abbot. In 1149 he was sent to Zeliv together with a convent. Very soon a women’s convent followed from Dünnwald, a daughter convent of Steinfeld. Among the letters of Ulrich, provost of Steinfeld, from the years ca. 1152 - ca. 1159 one can also find letters to the abbots of Zeliv and Strahov. Next to the women’s convent Lounovice, abbot Gottschalk founded as a daughter monastery the monastery of Geras in Lower Austria and the nearby women’s convent Pernegg, as well as the women’s convent Kounice in Moravia shortly before his death († 1184). In the archives of Steinfeld there are communications about abbatial elections in Zeliv. Zeliv remained a daughter monastery of Steinfeld until it perished in 1567. At the revival of Zeliv in the year 1643 it came under the Strahov monastery.
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Hungarian Aspects of the Thirteenth-century Catalogues of Monasteries of the Premonstratensian Order
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Die Urkunden böhmischer Herkunft im Archiv der Prämonstratenserstift in Schlägl, Oberösterreich -- ein Nachtrag.
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The view of knighthood and war in the work of Philipp of Harvengt is ambivalent. Essentially to a spiritual interpretation is the biblical typology (especially Ehud, David, Joshua, Judas Maccabaeus). Philipp does not dissolve the medieval class structure of the three ordines, but emphasizes the pre-eminence of the clergy. Chivalry has to serve the Church, which is quite usual for authors of the Gregorian Reform. However, a difference between class and behaviour can be observed regarding to both knights and monks. Monastic behaviour is transferred to the secular ideal of the miles litteratus; by literary education in the school, a knight becomes a clericus. Chivalry and war cannot simply be used as models of reflection in canonical life and spiritual warfare, while some knightly virtues, founded in biblical imagery, are important for the spiritual warfare in the monastery, especially bravery and obedience. Literary education and holiness are principles which superseded the rigid medieval class structure.
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This paper studies different aspects related to latin philology, textual critics, palaeography and medieval toponymy from three diplomatic medieval collections which have been recently published in Spain (Bujedo de Candepajares, Nicolás III and Calatayud).
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Places of authentication and the court of special royal presence. Remarks on the activity of the convent of Leles in the early fifteenth century
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Six of the seven charters discussed above deal with the protracted conflict between the Ninove Abbey and Gerard II of Grimbergen, situated between 1144 and 1167. We consider the first (1138) of the three charters of Bishop Nicholas I of Cambrai as the authentic charter of foundation of the abbey, containing the deed of donation of Gerard I of Ninove. The second charter of 1139 is of doubtful authenticity. The episcopal charter of 1165, which contains a detailed list of goods of the abbey, is regarded as authentic. The two last mentioned charters can already be situated within the conflict between the abbey and Gerard II of Grimbergen. The abbey used the falsified charter of 1139, presumably made between 1144 and 1147, in order to avoid the conflict. With the charter of 1165 the abbey wanted – via the authority of bishop Nicholas II– to resolve the conflict once and for all. The three charters of the Counts of Flanders were issued in a very short span (between 1166-1167) at the height of the conflict. They deal with the Ninove Abbey's right of the advocatia, which was originally by hereditary right connected to the dominium of the Lords of Ninove. In his charter of 1163/1166 Count Philip of Alsace claimed this right. The 1142 charter of his father Thierry, in which Gerard I of Ninove donates the advocatia to the Count, has been drawn and issued but in 1166-1167 in the Ninove Abbey. This is a logical link between Count Philip's two charters concerning the advocatia. In the 1167 charter of the Count the conflict is definitely resolved: Gerard II of Grimbergen is forced to accept the Count's prerogatives concerning the advocatia of the abbey. At the same time we have drawn a picture of the broader context of the Count's appearance and we have proved that Philip of Alsace – with his intervention in the Ninove conflict – introduced a new kind of politics in relation to the organisation of the central authority of the Count in the county of Flanders in general and in the Land of Aalst in particular. The charters issued in the period between 1165 and 1167 were a key moment and turning point in the history of the Ninove Abbey of the 12th century. In 1167 a period of conflicts with the relatives of the founder had been ended and a new period of rest, welfare and protection by the Count had been announced. The Ninove Liber Miraculorum offers a probing report on this change.
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