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This article studies the images and the Latin and French texts in a Book of Hours of Premonstratensian Use held at Memorial University Libraries. While the Annunciation scene in Books of Hours has been the subject of numerous studies, the Pentecost scene representing Mary reading to the Apostles has received limited attention in research. The article assesses the meaning of these images and their possible connection to reading practices in late medieval Europe.
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The first modern English translation of The History of the Tartars.The History of the Tartars first appeared in 1307 in the city of Poitiers. Book I is a geographical survey of fourteen countries of Asia and the Near East. Book II is a brief account of Muslim military history, including the rise of the Saljuqs and Khwarazmians. Book III describes the early history of the Mongols and Mongol warfare in the Middle East, Central Asia and the Caucasus. Book IV contains Het'um's suggestions to Pope Clement V on initiating a crusade to retake Jerusalem and parts of Cilician Armenia, Lebanon and Syria. With Book IV, Het'um's History enters the ranks of Crusader literature, but with the difference that its author, rather than being a pious and limited cleric, was instead a successful and influential general and tactician.Het'um, was the son of prince Oshin, lord of Korikos in the Kingdom of Cilician Armenia, and nephew of King Het'um I (1226-69) and the kingdom's Constable, Smbat Sparapet (commander-in-chief).
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This article analyses the front flyleaf of the cartulary of Tinselve, a manuscript created at the northern French abbey of Prémontré in the mid-13th century. While the manuscript proper contains acts associated with one of Prémontré’s dependent curtes, Tinselve, the scrap piece of parchment used to create the flyleaf contains brief summaries of five letters to be sent from the abbey to other Premonstratensian houses in France and Germany and to a count of Holland. It is therefore a unique survival of the administrative ephemera which the mother abbey of a major medieval monastic order must once have created in abundance. The authors argue that the Tinselve flyleaf, when viewed within the context of other documents of practice produced at Prémontré, complicates traditional narratives of the Premonstratensian Order’s early years. Rather than supporting a story of harmony among the early followers of Norbert of Xanten, the order’s founder, the flyleaf instead helps us to glimpse the institutional workings of Prémontré and its affiliated communities at a moment in the mid-13th century when its abbots were working hard to assert their primacy over other houses and to implement internal reforms.
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The first known reference to it is dated 15 March 1364, when Pope Urban V ordered Bishop Edington of Winchester to inquire into a petition from the inhabitants of Hook proposing the foundation of a chapel there. The problem was that neither Bishop Wykeham nor the abbot of Titchfield to whom the parish church had been appropriated since the abbey's foundation in 1232 supported the construction of a chapel at Hook; and therein lay the origins of the dispute. The contention of the abbot of Titchfield, John de Thorney, supported by Wykeham, was that the chapel at Hook prejudiced the rights of both the abbey and the parish church. At some point during the later fifteenth century, the chapel for which William Maple, John Michol and the villagers had fought so doggedly seems simply to have become surplus to requirements, and by the time Titchfield Abbey was suppressed in 1537 it was barely even a memory.
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In 1977, an association was founded to restore the ruins of a medieval monastery located in the small town of Aguilar de Campoo (Palencia, Castile and León, Spain) and turn it into the hub of cultural engagement of a progressively depopulated region with scarce economic resources but a remarkably rich cultural heritage. This original initiative has since led to an enormous wealth of activity, and the Santa María la Real Foundation, heir to that association, has diversified the fields in which it works, extending its activities throughout Spain and other countries. The link with Romanesque art, one of the hallmarks of the Aguilar region, has always remained very much alive, although its reach is now much greater, notably through the publication of an ambitious work, the now benchmark “Enciclopedia del Románico en la Península Ibérica” (Encyclopedia of the Romanesque in the Iberian Peninsula). The international impact of this foundation, in an increasingly globalized world with greater demand for culture and heritage, is growing, with activities in different fields and a wide range of projects. However, the roots and ideological foundations that drove those who, more than forty years ago, with no funds but with a tremendous amount of enthusiasm, decided that the role civil society plays is crucial when raising awareness about and conserving heritage and that this cultural wealth, far from being a burden, should be understood as an enormous resource, have never been forgotten. This is what they believed, and they got right to work.
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